Newer
Older
Digital_Repository / Misc / Mass downloads / UTas / 1193.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>UTas ePrints - Reading Matters: An Examination of Plurality of Meaning in Selected Indonesian Fiction, 1980-1995</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script>
    <style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style>
    <style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style>
    <link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
    <link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" />
    <link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" />
    <meta content="Allen, Pamela M." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Pam.Allen@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="thesis" name="eprints.type" />
<meta content="2007-06-29" name="eprints.datestamp" />
<meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" />
<meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" />
<meta content="Reading Matters: An Examination of Plurality of Meaning in Selected Indonesian Fiction, 1980-1995" name="eprints.title" />
<meta content="unpub" name="eprints.ispublished" />
<meta content="420213" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="public" name="eprints.full_text_status" />
<meta content="Indonesian literature 
Pramoedya Ananta Toer 
Putu Wijaya 
Mangunwijaya" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="Using the work of theorists in the field of reader-response theory, this thesis examines the notion that the meaning of a given literary work is a product of the interaction between the reader and the text, and that a given work thus potentially contains a plurality of valid meanings.  The theory is applied to selected works of three of Indonesia's most prolific writers in the period 1980-1995: Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Y.B. Mangunwijaya and Putu Wijaya.  Each work is subjected to at least two different 'readings' which in each case privilege different features of the text and in effect produce a different literary work." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2000" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="263" name="eprints.pages" />
<meta content="University of Sydney" name="eprints.institution" />
<meta content="School of Asian Studies" name="eprints.department" />
<meta content="phd" name="eprints.thesis_type" />
<meta content="BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliographical note:
In order to reduce annotation to the absolute minimum, the following procedures have been adopted:

All references to and quotes from the twelve novels under discussion have been identified in the text by bracketed inserts containing an abbreviated title and the relevant page number(s), eg (K, 67).  The abbreviations used and the works to which they refer are as follows:

BM	Bumi manusia Jakarta: Hasta Mitra, 1980.
ASB	Anak semua bangsa Jakarta: Hasta Mitra, 1980.
JL	Jejak langkah  Kuala Lumpur: Wira Karya, 1985.
RK	Rumah kaca Jakarta: Hasta Mitra, 1988.
BBM	Burung-burung manyar. Jakarta: Djambatan, 1981.
DU	Durga Umayi. Jakarta: Grafiti, 1991.
BBR	Burung-burung rantau.  Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1993.
S	Sobat Jakarta: Penerbit Sinar Harapan, 1981.	
P	Perang  Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti, 1990.
T	Teror Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya, 1991.
K	Kroco Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1995.
BP	Byarpet Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1995.

All references to and quotations from secondary literature have been identified in the text by bracketed inserts containing the author's surname, the original year of publication and, where necessary, the relevant page number(s) of the edition used, eg (Wild 1988, 211).  Full details of the studies concerned are to be found below.


Pramoedya Ananta Toer - published works and interviews
((1952a), 'Tentang angkatan'. Pujangga Baru 14 (1952): 108-112.

(1952b),  'Sumber tjipta dalam kesenian'. Indonesia  3/4 (April 1952): 1-5.

(1952c), 'Kesusasteraan sebagai alat'.  Indonesia 3/7 (July 1952): 7-12. 

(1952d), 'Definisi dan keindahan dalam kesusasteraan'. Indonesia 3/8 (August 	1952): 14 -17.

(1960), 'Dengan datangnya Lenin bumi manusia lebih kaya'. Bintang Timur 	(Lentera), 22 April 1960. 

(1962), 'Jang harus dibabat dan harus dibangun'. Bintang Timur (Lentera), 10 	August, 1 September, 7 September 1962.

(1964), 'Kenapa kebudayaan imperialisme Amerika Serikat yang harus dijebol?' 	 	Harian Rakyat (Jakarta), 15 March 1964.

(1965), 'Tahun 1965 tahun pembabatan total'. Bintang Timur  (Lentera), 9 May
	1965.

(1980a), 'Nyai Ontosoroh, tanpa humor'. Interview by Bachrun Suwatdi. Tempo,  30 	August 1980, 42-43.

(1980b), 'Pramoedya: Saya ingin membuat “shock therapy” terhadap kebudayaan 	 Jawa'. Kompas (Jakarta), 29 August 1980.

(1981a), 'Saya menarik diri'. Optimis,  24 July 1981, 18-20.

(1981b), 'Interview with Pramoedya Ananta Toer'. Journal of Contemporary Asia  	(September 1981): 511-515.

(1983), 'Perburuan 1950 and Keluarga gerilya 1950', Translated by Benedict 	Anderson. Indonesia 36 (October 1983): 24-48.

(1985a), Sang pemula Jakarta: Hasta Mitra, 1985.

(1985b), 'Surat terbuka Pramoedya Ananta Toer kepada Keith Foulcher'. Demi 	Demokrasi 2 (March 1985) [photocopy].

(1992), 'Maaf, atas nama pengalaman' Kabar Seberang  23 (1992): 1-9.

(1994a)), 'Semua yang saya miliki dirampas'. Vokal  10 Th 1V (May-July 1994) 	
	[photocopy].

(1994b), 'Pendidikan hanya melahirkan orang-orang yang patuh pada kekuasaan'.  	Vokal   No 10 Th IV (May-July 1994) [photocopy].

(1994c), 'Saya pupuk bawang di Lekra'. Balairung Edisi Khusus Th VIII (1994): 	[photocopy].

(1995a) 'Sastra, sensor dan negara: seberapa jauhkah bahaya novel?' In Polemik 	
	hadiah Magsaysay, 228-234.  Jakarta: Institut Studi Arus Informasi, 1997.

(1995b), 'Pernyataan Pramoedya Ananta Toer 19 July 1995'. In Polemik 	hadiah 	Magsaysay,  211-212.  Jakarta: Institut Studi Arus Informasi, 1997.  

(1995c), Nyanyi sunyi seorang bisu: Catatan-catatan dari Pulau Buru. Kuala 	Lumpur: Wira Karya, 1995.

(1995d), 'Saya sudah tutup buku dengan kekuasaan'. Suara Independen   3 (August 	1995) [photocopy].

(1995e), 'Saya tidak menggilas, cuma  mengajak polemik'.  Interview by Tony 	Hasyim and Ign. Haryanto. Forum Keadilan, 28 August 1995 [photocopy].

(1995f), 'Yang tidak kuat, matilah'. Gatra,  23 September 1995.

(1995g), “Weekend Focus” interview with Pramoedya Ananta Toer July 22 1995.  	Translated by Alex G Bardsley.

(1995h), 'Kalau nggak berani ke pengadilan, buka forum...' Ummat   6 (1995) 	[photocopy].

(1995i), 'Rekonsiliasi itu masih jauh'. Tiras,  24 August 1995, 30.

(1995j), 'Indonesia tak mungkin jadi negara Komunis'. Politika  20 (June-July 1995) 	[photocopy].

(1995k), 'Pramoedya, calon kuat penerima Nobel tahun ini?'  Interview by Ray 	Rizal. Mutiara 19-25 September 1995, 14.

(1995l), 'Itu hanya badai dalam segelas kopi'.  Interview by Amalinda. Sintesa   10 	VIII (1995) [photocopy].

(1996a), 'Pramoedya's fiction and history: an interview with Indonesian novelist 	
	Pramoedya Ananta Toer'. Interview by Chris GoGwilt. The Yale Journal of 	Criticism  9.1 (1996): 147-164.

(1996b), 'An interview with Pramoedya Ananta Toer by Sebastian Tong and Fong 	Foong Mei'. 26 December 1996 [photocopy].

(1997), 'G30S tak lain metamorphosis politik anti-Konfrontasi Inggeris'. Foreward to 	The Genesis of Malaysia Konfrontasi: Brunei and Indonesia, 1945-1965, 	
	Greg Poulgrain, Bathurst [N.S.W.]: Crawford House Publishing, 1997.  


Y.B. Mangunwijaya - published works interviews and letters
(1975), Ragawidya. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1975.

(1981a), 'Beberapa persepsi beberapa pria tentang beberapa wanita'. Prisma  7 (July 	1981): 73-81.

(1981b), 'Y.B. Mangunwijaya bicara tentang “Burung-burung manyar”nya'. 	Kompas (Jakarta). 22 July 1981.

(1982), 'Membincangkan novel wanita bersama Romo Mangunwijaya'.  Interview 	by Maria A. Sardjono. Sarinah, 27 December 1982, 39, 114.

(1983a), 'Karya sastra yang baik, harus cakup politik dan religi'. Kompas (Jakarta), 	8 September 1983.

(1983b), 'Sehari dengan Y.B. Mangunwijaya'. Zaman,  9-15 January 1983, 11-15.

(1984a), 'Sastra melalui kaca mata orang biasa'.  Kompas (Jakarta), 21 February 
	1984.

(1984b), 'Romo Mangun mengungkapkan: “Burung-burung manyar”nya banyak 	
	dipengaruhi Multatuli'. Minggu Pagi (Yogyakarta), 21 October 1984.
 
(1986a), 'Menghantar generasi pasca'. Kompas  (Jakarta), 18 and 19 August 1986.

(1986b), 'Menghadapi budaya pasca Indonesia dan pasca Einstein'. Paper presented 
	at Temu Budaya, Dewan Kesenian Jakarta, October 1986.

(1986c), 'Pengakuan seorang amatir'. In Mengapa dan Bagaimana Saya Mengarang  
	ed. Pamusuk Eneste, 99-118. Jakarta: Gunung Agung, 1986.

(1986d), 'Dialog dengan YB Mangunwijaya: mencari dimensi sastra Indonesia'. 	
	Eksponen,  23 Feb-1 March 1986, 8.

(1986e), 'Sastra yang berorientasi pada orang kecil.' Interview by Suprapto.  Horison 
	11 21 (September 1986): 365-367).

(1987a), 'Budaya yang menculik kita'. Tempo, 3 January 1987, 15.

(1987b), Esei-Esei orang Republik.  Jakarta: Midas Surya Grafindo, 1987.

(1988a), 'Saya tak mau jadi Godfather'. Matra, April 1988.

(1988b), Sastra dan religiositas.  Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1988

(1990), Letter, Yogyakarta, to H.B. Jassin, Jakarta, 15 October 1990.  Transcript in 
	the hand of Pusat Dokumentasi Sastra H.B. Jassin, Jakarta.

(1991a), 'Pendidikan dan kurikulum terselubung'. Jakarta Jakarta,  16-22 February 
	1991, 86-87.

(1991b), 'Memoar Malioboro'. Harian Bernas Nasional  (Yogyakarta), 17 May 
	1991.

(1991c), 'Indo-indo dan Indonesia'. Suara  Pembaruan  (Jakarta), 28 October 1991.

(1992a), 'Pendidikan manusia merdeka'. Kompas (Jakarta),  11 August 1992.

(1992b), Letter, Yogyakarta, to H.B. Jassin, Jakarta, 13 April 1992.  Transcript in 
	the hand of Pusat Dokumentasi Sastra H.B. Jassin, Jakarta.

(1994), Tumbal. Yogyakarta: Bentang, 1994.

(1995a), 'Nggak sambung'. Kompas (Jakarta), 1  and 2 May 1995.

(1995b), Gerundelan orang Republik.  Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1995.

(1995c), '”Bangsa yang besar menghargai karya sastra”'. Interview by E. Kurnia 
	Ebo. Republika (Jakarta), 12 March 1995.

(1995d), '&quot;Nederlands Indie&quot;'. Kompas (Jakarta), 16 August 1995.

(1996), 'Sosialisme Indonesia (1) and (2)' . Kompas  (Jakarta), 14 and 15 November 
	1996.

(1997a), 'Petruk'. Kompas  (Jakarta), 20 January 1997.

(1997b), 'Novel Saya dan Lakon Wayang'. Kalam  9 (1997): 54-62.


Putu Wijaya - works and interviews
(1976), 'Tontonan'. 1976 [photocopy] Pusat  Dokumentasi Sastra H.B.Jassin, 	Jakarta.

(1981a), 'Wanita Indonesia'. Horison XVII (1981): 408-412.

(1981b), 'Omong-omong dengan Putu Wijaya: Topi'.  Interview by Endang K. 	Sobirin, Merdeka (Jakarta), 27 July 1981.

(1982a), 'Yang berhak hidup bukan hanya hero'. Optimis  (22 January 1982), 66-68.

(1982b), 'Konsep'. Paper presented at Temu Sastra, Dewan Kesenian Jakarta, 	December 1982.

(1984), 'Dari Etsa Sampai Zat'.  Horison  XV11 (1984): 289-306.   

(1985), 'Proses'.  22 October 1985 [photocopy]. Pusat  Dokumentasi Sastra H.B. 	
	Jassin, Jakarta.

(1987a), 'Dialog dengan Putu Wijaya'.  &quot;Sasaran saya teror mental, obyek saya 	anekdut&quot;'.  Interview by Redi Panuju. Horison 4 (April 1987).

(1987b), 'Setiap menulis, selalu merasa pulang'. Interview by Amrih Widodo. 	Kompas (Jakarta). 8 February 1987. 

(1987c), 'From Bali: Humor unites people'. Interview by Albert E. Kaff. Cornell 
	Chronicle,  April 9 1987.

(1988a), 'Meditasi di Madison' parts 1-10. Jayakarta  (Jakarta), 20 October-22 	December 1988.

(1988b), 'Dari Amerika: membawa malu'. Sarinah  162 (5-18 December 1988): 58-
	59 

(1990), 'Saya badut biasa'.  Interview by Kemala Atmojo. Matra  45 (April 1990): 
	14-23. 

(1991), 'Mengarang itu berjuang'.  Sarinah  218 (28 January-10 February 1991): 83-
	85.

(1994a), 'Takaran Bali - “Play Group” mencerdaskan anak?'  Bali Post,  9 August 
	1994.

(1994b), Blok.  Jakarta: Firdaus, 1994.

(1994c), Protes. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti, 1994.

(1994d), 'Belum ada kritikus teater'. Suara Merdeka (Semarang), 13 November 
	1994.

(1995a), 'Teror mental'. Berita Buku  54 VII (October-November, 1995), 46-48.

(1995b), 'Sastra teror'. Berita Buku  54 VII (October-November 1995), 42-43.

(1995c), Yel. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1995.

(1996a), Zat. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1996.

(1997a), 'Dongeng'. Kalam  9 (1997): 46-50.

(1997b), NgEH. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1997.

(1997c), 'Kemerdekaan bukan kepongahan'. Interview by Bersihar Lubis and J. Eko 
	Setyo Utomo. Gatra,  4 January 1997, 98-99.


Other literature
Abel, Ben (1997). 'Beholding a landmark of guilt: Pramoedya in the early 1960s and 
	the current regime'. Indonesia 64 (October 1997): 21-28.

Achebe, Chinua (1975). Morning yet on creation day.  London: Heinemann, 1975.

Adam, Achmad (1989).  'Pramoedya Ananta Toer dalam Rumah Kaca'. Dewan 
	Sastera,  June 1989, 30-33.

Adam, Warman (1997). 'Refleksi tentang revolusi nasional'. Kompas (Jakarta), 17 
	September 1997.

Ahar, M.A. (1970). 'Mengerling sastra romantik Indonesia'. Basis XIX-6 (March 	1970): 181-7, 207.

Ajidarma, Seno Gumira (1985). 'Seniman teori'. Sinar Harapan (Jakarta), 21 	December 1985.

		 (1992). 'Perkawinan dengan jantung plastik'. Kompas (Jakarta), 1 	
	May 1992.

		 (1995). 'Kau takkan kurelakan sendiri'. Basis  XLIV 2 (February 
	1995): 43-54.

Alisjahbana, Sutan Takdir (1966).  Indonesia: social and cultural revolution.  	Translated by Benedict R. Anderson.  Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University 
	Press, 1966.

		 (1976). Language planning for modernization.  The case of 
	Indonesian and Malaysian. The Hague: Mouton, 1976.

		 (1977). 'Menuju masyarakat dan kebudayaan baru'. In Polemik 	Kebudayaan. ed. Achdiat K. Mihardja, 13-21.  Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya, 1977.

		 (1982). 'Sastra yang bertanggungjawab'. Horison XVII (1982): 149-
	159. 

		 (1983). 'Literature's role in the emergence of a new culture'. Prisma  
	29 (September 1983): 11-23.

Anderson, Benedict (1965). Mythology and the tolerance of the Javanese.  Ithaca, 
	New York: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project, 1965.

		 (1972).  Java in a time of revolution: occupation and resistance, 
	1944-1946.  Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1972.

		 (1982). 'Sembah-sumpah: The politics of language and Javanese 
	culture'. Chap. in Language and power: exploring political cultures in 
	Indonesia.  Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990.

		 (1990). 'Language, fantasy, revolution: Java 1900-1945'. Prisma  50 
	(September 1990): 25-39.  

		 (1991). Imagined communities, reflections on the origin and spread 
	of nationalism. London &amp; New York: Verso, 1991.

Anwar, Nanang Chairul (1982).  'Burung-burung manyar'. Suara Karya (Jakarta), 
	12 January 1982.

Appiah, Anthony (1991). 'Is the post- in postmodernism the post- in postcolonial?' 
	Critical Inquiry  17 2 (Winter 1991): 336-357.

Armada, Wina S.A. (1981). 'Mengadili bangsa Eropa'. Pelita  (Jakarta), 20 January 
	1981.

Asa, Syu'bah (1973). 'Tentang tradisi tidak setia'. Tempo,  29 December 1973, 37-
	38.

Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths and HelenTiffin (1989). The empire writes back. 
	London: Routledge, 1989.

		 ed. (1995). The post-colonial studies reader.  London: Routledge, 
	1995.

Atmaja, Jiwa. (1981).  'Renungan revolusi dari sisi lain'.  Berita Buana (Jakarta), 28 
	September 1981.

		 (1982). '”Sebuah tinjauan revolusi”, setelah menghayati roman Y.B. 
	Mangunwijaya sebagai karya sastra'. Nusa Tenggara, 26 January 1982.

		 (1993). Novel eksperimental Putu Wijaya. Bandung: Angkasa, 1993.

Auden, W.H. and Norman Holmes Pearson, ed. (n.d.). Poets of the English language 
	volume III Milton to Goldsmith.  London: Heron Books, n.d.

Aveling, Harry (1997). 'Non-English postcolonial fictions?  The Malaysian Case', 
	[Online]. Available: 	http://kali.murdoch.edu.au/cntinuum/litserv/SPAN/34/Aveling.html (1997).

Bachri, Sutardji Calzoum (1983). 'Menghadapi sastra tahun 2000'. Horison  XVIII 
	(1983): 55.

Baker, Suzanne (1997). 'Binarisms and duality: magic realism and postcolonialism', 
	[Online]. Available: 
	http://kali.murdoch.edu.au/cntinuum/litserv/SPAN/34/Baker.html 	(1997).
	
Bakhtin, M.M. (1990). 'From the prehistory of novelistic discourse'. Chap. in The 
	dialogic imagination. Translated by Michael Holquist. Austin: University of 
	Texas Press, 1990.

Balibar, Etienne, and Immanuel Wallerstein (1991). Race, nation, class. 	London: 	Verso, 1991.
	
Barth, John (1980).  'The literature of replenishment.' Atlantic Monthly  (June 1980).

Barthes, Roland (1968). 'The death of the author'. Chap. in Image-music-text, ed. and 
	translated by Stephen Heath.  London: Fontana Press, 1977.

Baryadi, Praptomo (1984). 'Memahami bahasa roman Burung-burung manyar'. 
	Suara Karya (Jakarta), 13 January 1984.

Basri, Agus (1995). 'Kalau Pram dapat Magsaysay'. Gatra,  12 August 1995, 38.

Becker, A.L. (1979).  'Text-building, epistemology, and aesthetics in Javanese 	shadow theatre'. In The imagination of reality: Essays in  Southeast Asian 
	coherence systems, ed.  A.L. Becker and A.A. Yengoyan, 211-243. 
	Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex, 1979.

Belsey, Catherine (1994). Critical practice. London and New York: Routledge, 
	1994. 

Benveniste, Emile (1971). Problems in general linguistics. Miami: University of 
	Miami Press, 1971.

Bertens, Johannes, and Douwe Fokkema, ed. (1986). Approaching postmodernism: 
	Papers presented at a workshop on postmodernism, 21-23 September 1984, 
	University of Utrecht. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1986.

Berthoff, Warner (1967). 'The Study of literature and the recovery of the historical'. 
	College English  28 No. 7 (April 1967): 477-486. 

Bhabha, Homi K. (1983). 'The other question...'. Screen 24, 6 (November-
	December 1983): 18-36.

		 (1985).  'Signs taken for wonders: questions of ambivalence and 
	authority under a tree outside Delhi, May 1817'. Critical Inquiry  12, 1 
	(Autumn 1985): 144-165.

		 , ed. (1990). Nation and narration.  London: Routledge, 1990.

		 (1994). The location of culture.  London and New York: Routledge, 
	1994.

Blackburn, Susan (1996). 'Rediscovering the Indonesian women's movement in the 
	colonial period'. Paper presented at the ASAA Conference, Monash 
	University, July 1996.

Bodden, Michael H. (1996). 'Woman as nation in Mangunwijaya's Durga 
	Umayi .' Indonesia  62 (October 1996): 53-82.

		 (1998).  'Satuan-Satuan kecil and uncomfortable improvisations in 
	the late night of the New Order: Democratization, postmodernism, and 
	postcoloniality.' Paper presented at the workshop 'Postcoloniality and the 
	Question of Modern Indonesian Literature' University of Sydney, May 1998. 

Boehmer, Elleke (1993).  'Transfiguring: Colonial body into postcolonial narrative'. 
	Novel  27 2 (Spring 1993): 268-77.

Booth, Wayne (1961). The rhetoric of fiction.  Chicago: Chicago University Press, 
	1961. 

Brandon, James (1967). Theatre in Southeast Asia. Cambridge: Harvard University 
	Press, 1967.

		 On thrones of gold. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970.

Brown, Donald E. (1991). Human universals. Philadelphia: Temple University 
	Press, 1991.

Brydon, Diana (1991). 'The white inuit speaks: Contamination as literary strategy.'  
	In The post-colonial studies reader, ed. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and 	Helen Tiffin, 136-142. London: Routledge, 1995.

Buck, William (1973). Mahabharata. Berkeley: University of California Press, 	1973.

'Budaya &quot;instant&quot; hambat perkembangan novel Indonesia'. Kompas (Jakarta), 10 	December 1997.

Budiman, Arief (1982). 'Karya sastra yang diciptakan untuk orang yang ada di 
	dalam sejarah'.  Review of Indonesian and Malayan Affairs 16 2 (October 
	1982): 11-15.

		 (1996). 'Ilmuwan dan aktivis'. Kompas (Jakarta), 27 August 1996.

Budiman, Kris (1995). 'Kritik sastra feminis: Josephine Donovan'. Basis  (June 
	1995): 228-231. 

Buruma, Ian (1984). 'Old ways and new ideas clash in the battle to shape a nation'. 
	Far Eastern Economic Review, 14 June 1984, 97.

'”Byarpet” Putu Wijaya di Jakarta'. Surabaya Post,  7 October 1991.

Chakrabarty, Dipesh (1992). 'Postcoloniality and the artifice of history: Who speaks 
	or “Indian” pasts?' In The post-colonial studies reader, ed. Bill Ashcroft, 
	Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin, 383-388. London: Routledge, 1995.

Chandler, David P. and M.C. Ricklefs, ed. (1986). Nineteenth and twentieth 	century Indonesia. Clayton: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies Monash 
	University, 1986.

Chudori, Leila (1991). 'R.A. Kosasih: Di tengah Pandawa dan Korawa'. Tempo,  21 	December 1991, 41-67.

		 (1995). 'Tentang kefanaan dan kesia-siaan'. Republika (Jakarta), 23 
	April 1995.

Clark, Marshall (1998). '&quot;Smells of something like postmodernism&quot;: Sastra wayang 
	and Emha Ainun Nadjib's Gerakan punakawan atawa Arus Bawah.  Paper 
	presented at the workshop 'Postcoloniality and the question of modern 
	Indonesian literature' University of Sydney, May 1998. 

Crews, Frederick C. (1976). The Pooh perplex.  London: Arthur Baker Limited, 
	1976.
 
Cribb, Robert (1994). The late colonial state in Indonesia. Leiden: KITLV Press, 
	1994.

Crisp, Peter (1989). 'Essence, realism and literature'. English  38 (Spring 1989): 55-
	68.

Culler, Jonathan (1975). Structuralist poetics.  London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 
	1975.

Curtin, Philip D. (1971).  Imperialism.  London: Macmillan, 1971.

Damono, Sapardi Djoko (1977). 'Kritik sosial dalam sastra Indonesia: Lebah tanpa 
	sengat'. Prisma 10 (October 1977): 55-61.

		 (1983). 'Social involvement in Indonesian literature'. Prisma  29 
	(September 1983): 3-10.

		 (1986). 'Mencari sastra yang berpijak di bumi'. Tempo, 17 May 
	1986, 	57-58.

		 (1984). 'Tiba-tiba menjadi penting'. Horison XVIII (1984): 427.

Dardjowidjojo, Soenjono (1996). Bahasa nasional kita.  Bandung: Penerbit ITB, 
	1996.

Darma, Budi (1984). 'Kemampuan mengebor sukma'. Berita Buana (Jakarta), 10 
	April 1984.

		 (1990).  'The origin and development of the novel in Indonesia'.  
	Tenggara 25 (1989): 9-35.

Darmanto, Jt. (1982). 'Penafsiran “satu bahasa Bahasa Indonesia” dalam 	kesusasteraan Indonesia masa kini'.  Review of Indonesian and Malayan 
	Affairs 16 2 (October 1982): 22-29.

Davis, Walter A. (1978). The act of interpretation: A critique of literary reason. 
	Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1978.

Day, Tony, and Keith Foulcher (1998). 'Nation, region and the politics of language 
	and culture in modern Indonesia: Two examples'.  Paper presented at the 
	workshop 'Postcoloniality and the question of modern Indonesian literature' 
	University of Sydney, May 1998. 

Dermawan, Agus T. (1981). 'Persahabatan, perempuan lantas kemelut'. Kompas 
	(Jakarta), 29 September 1981. 
  
De George, Richard T., ed. (1981). Semiotic themes.  Lawrence: University of 	Kansas Publications, 1981.

Derrida, Jacques (1966). 'Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human 
	sciences'. Chap inWriting and difference.  Chicago: University of Chicago 
	Press, 1978.

		 (1976). 'The exorbitant question of method'.  Chap in Of 	grammatology. Translated by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Baltimore and 
	London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.

		 1982). 'Signature event context'. Chap. in Margins of philosophy.	
	Brighton, Sussex: Harvester, 1982.

		 (1981). 'The double session'. Chap. in Dissemination. Translated, 
	with an  introduction and additional notes, by Barbara Johnson.  Chicago: 
	University Press, 1981.

Dewanto, Nirwan (1996).  Senjakala kebudayaan.  Yogyakarta: Bentang, 1996.

		 (1997). 'Membaca kembali kontroversi Magsaysay'. In Polemik 	hadiah Magsaysay. v-xiv. Jakarta: Institut Studi Arus Informasi, 1997. 

Dhakidae, Daniel (1981). 'Kemerdekaan: alat atau tujuan' Prisma  8 (August 1981).

		 (1995). 'Kesusastraan, kekuasaan dan kebudayaan suatu bangsa'. 	
	Kalam  6 (1995): 74-102.

Dollimore, Jonathan, and Alan Sinfield (1985). Political Shakespeare: New essays 
	in cultural materialism.  Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1985.

Dumont, Louis (1980). Homo hierarchicus: The caste system and its implications.  
	Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

Eagleton, Terry (1988).  'Capitalism, modernism and post modernism'. Chap. in 
	Against the Grain: Essays 1975-1985.  London: Verso, 1988.

Easthope, Antony (1991). Literary into cultural studies.  London : Routledge, 1991.

Ecip, S.Sinansari (1988). 'Burung-burung manyar Y.B. Mangunwijaya'. Jayakarta 
	(Jakarta), 21 April 1988.

Eco, Umberto (1990). The limits of interpretation. Bloomington and Indianapolis: 
	Indiana University Press, 1990.

Eisy, Muhammad Ridlo (1981). ''Burung2 manyar” renungan kemerdekaan'. Pikiran  
	Rakyat (Bandung), 26 August 1981.

Empson, William (1973).  Seven types of ambiguity. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 
	1973.

Eneste, Pamusuk (1983). 'Penerbitan buku-buku sastra tahun '80-an'. Kompas 	(Jakarta), 5 September 1983.

Ereste, en Jacob (1981). 'Sobat Putu Wijaya'. Suara Karya (Jakarta), 4 December 
	1981.

		 (1988). Menggugat wanita, sastra dan budaya kita. Bandung: 	Binacipta, 1988.

Eriyanto, (1994).  'Keprihatinan dan keberpihakan Romo Mangun'. Kompas 	(Jakarta) 24 July 1994.

Esslin, Martin (1982). The theatre of the absurd. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982.

Esten, Mursal (1996). 'Desentralisasi kebudayaan dan pusat-pusat informasi baru'. 
	Kompas (Jakarta), 21 May 1996.

Fadillah (1989). '”Burung-Burung manyar” di persimpangan.'  Singgalang  
	(Padang), 9 October 1989.

Fanon, Frantz (1967). Black skin, white masks.  New York: Grove Press, 1967.

		 (1970). Toward the African revolution.  Harmondsworth: Penguin, 
	1970.

		 (1979). The wretched of the earth.  Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979.

Faruk, HT (1981). 'Mencoba melihat perkembangan masyarakat Indonesia secara 
	obyektif, netral, rasional'. Kedaulatan Rakyat (Jakarta), 15 September 1981.

		 (1995). Perlawanan tak kunjung usai.  Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 
	1995.

Fish, Stanley (1976). 'Interpreting the Varorium'. Critical Inquiry  2 (Spring 1976):  
	465-485.

		 (1980). Is there a text in this class? Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard 
	University Press, 1980.

Florida, Nancy (1995). Writing the past, inscribing the future: history as prophecy in 
	colonial Java.  Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1995.

Foucault, Michel (1980). 'Two lectures'. Chap. in Power/knowledge: Selected 	interviews and other writings 1972-1977.  Edited by Colin Gordon. Brighton, 
	Sussex: Harvester Press, 1980.

Foulcher, Keith (1978).  'Image and perspective in recent Indonesian literature'.  
	Review of Indonesian and Malayan Affairs 12 2 (December 1978): 1-16.

		 (1981). 'Bumi manusia and Anak semua bangsa - Pramoedya Ananta 
	Toer enters the 1980s'. Indonesia 32 (October 1981): 1-15. 

		 (1986). Social commitment in literature and the arts: The Indonesian 
	“Institute of People's Culture” 1950-1965.  Clayton: Centre of Southeast 
	Asian Studies Monash University, 1986.

		 (1987).  'Sastra kontekstual: Recent developments in Indonesian 
	literary politics'.  Review of Indonesian and Malayan Affairs 21 1 (Winter 
	1987): 6-28.

		 (1986b). 'Literature with its feet on the ground'. Inside Indonesia 8 
	(October 1986): 27-28. 

		 (1990). 'The construction of an Indonesian national culture: Patterns 
	of  hegemony and resistance'.  In State and civil society in Indonesia, ed. 
	Arief Budiman, 301-320.  Melbourne: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, 
	Monash University, 1990.

		 (1991). Pujangga Baru: Kesusastraan dan nasionalisme di 	Indonesia.  Jakarta: Girimukti Pasaka, 1991.

		 (1993a). 'Between morality and history: The humanist dilemma in 
	Asian Studies'.  Paper presented in the series: “Humanism: A question of 
	relevance in the  postmodern era”, School of Humanities, Flinders 	University, June 1993.

		 (1993b). 'Post-modernism or the question of history: Some trends in 
	Indonesian fiction since 1965'. In Culture and society in New Order 
	Indonesia, ed. Virginia Matheson Hooker, 27-47.  Kuala Lumpur: Oxford 
	University Press, 1993.

		 (1993c). 'Literature, cultural politics and the Indonesian revolution'.  
	In Text/politics in island Southeast Asia, ed. D.M. Roskies, 221-256. Athens, 
	Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1993. 

		 (1995). 'In search of the postcolonial in Indonesian literature'. 
	Sojourn 10/2 (1995): 147-171.

Fowler, Alastair (1982).  Kinds of literature. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.

Frederick, William H. (1988). 'The Japanese occupation'. In Born in fire: The 
	Indonesian struggle for independence, ed.  Colin Wild and Peter Carey, 75-
	80. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1988.

Freney, Denis (1982). 'The novel Suharto banned'. Tribune, 16 June 1982.

Garcia Marquez, Gabriel (1977). The autumn of the patriarch. London: Jonathan 
	Cape, 1977.

Geertz, Clifford (1960). The religion of Java.  New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 
	1960.

		 (1990). '”Popular art” and the Javanese tradition'. Indonesia  50 
	(October 1990): 77-94.

		 (1996). 'Java Jive'. New Republic, 22 April 1996, 31-37.

Gellner, Ernest (1992). Postmodernism, reason and religion.  London: Routledge, 
	1992.

Gibson, Walker (1950). 'Authors, speakers, readers, and mock readers'.  In Reader-
	response criticism, ed. Jane P. Tompkins, 1-6. Baltimore and London: The 
	John Hopkins University Press, 1980.

Gilbert, Helen, and Joanne Tompkins (1996). Post-colonial drama: Theory, 
	practice, politics. London and New York: Routledge, 1996.

		, and Jacqueline Lo (1998).  'Postcolonial theory: Possibilities and 
	limitations'. Paper presented at the workshop 'Postcoloniality and the 	question of modern Indonesian literature' University of Sydney, May 1998. 

Griffiths, Gareth (1994). 'The myth of authenticity'. In The post-colonial studies 
	reader, ed. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and HelenTiffin, 237-241. 	London: Routledge, 1995.   

Gultom, Gomar Yhames (1981). 'Kematian sebagai awal dari sesuatu yang baru'. 
	Sinar  Harapan  (Jakarta), 12 February 1981.

Gunawan, Ryadi (1981). ''Jagoan dalam revolusi kita'. Prisma 8 (August 1981): 41-
	49.

Guritno, Pandam (1984). Lordly shades: Wayang purwa Indonesia. Jakarta: 
	Published by Bapak Probosoetedjo, 1984.

Guritno, YY (1981).  'Hakekat persahabatan perkawinan rumah tangga'. Mutiara, 
	November 26-27 1981, 26-27.

		 (1982).  'Keberanian mengisahkan konflik'. Mutiara,  26 May 1982, 
	28.

Habermas, J. (1983).  Philosophical-political profiles.  Translated by Frederick G. 
	Lawrence. London: Heinemann, 1983.

Hadi, Abdul W.M. (1983). 'Realisme sosial dan humanisme universal: Sastra 
	Indonesia 1959-1965'. Horison XVII (1983): 244-250.
 
		 (1994). 'Sastra tipologis dan masalah modernisme'. Berita Buana 
	(Jakarta), 10 April 1994. 

Hakim, M. Arief (1994). 'Religiositas, kosmologi baru, dan cinta kasih semesta'. 
	Kompas (Jakarta), 7 March 1994.

Halyadi, Rohllat S.Si. (1996) 'Menjual lelucon, melestarikan wayang'. Kompas 
	(Jakarta), 9 October 1996.

Haridas, Swami Anand (1981). 'War, national liberation and Indonesian literature'.  
	In Society and the writer:  Essays on literature in modern Asia, ed. Wang 
	Gungwu, M. Guerrero and D. Marr, 77-91.  Canberra: Research School of 
	Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1981.

Hartman, Geoffrey H. (1981).  Saving the text. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University 
	Press, 1981.

Harvey, David (1989). The condition of postmodernity: An enquiry into the origins 
	of cultural change.  Oxford, England: Blackwell, 1989.

Haryanto, I. (1994) 'Den Hardo dan Pram kembali ke pasar'.  Forum Keadilan, 13 
	October 1994, 30.

		 and Tony Hasyim (1995).  'Pram di ujung cekal'. Forum Keadilan, 14 
	August 1995, 24.
	
Hassan, Ihab. 'POSTmodernISM, a paracritical bibliography'. Chap. in 	Paracriticisms, seven speculations of the times. Urbana, Chicago and 	London: University of Illinois Press, 1975.

		 (1985). 'The culture of postmodernism'. Theory, Culture and Society 
	2 (3) (1985): 119-32.

'Hatta-Sjahrir lebih pantas menerima hadiah Teeuw'. Kompas (Jakarta), 17 May 	
	1996.

Hatley, Barbara (1993). 'Constructions of “tradition” in New Order Indonesian 
	theatre'.  In Culture and society in New Order Indonesia, ed. Virginia 
	Matheson Hooker, 48-69.  Kuala Lumpur:  Oxford University Press. 1993.

		 (1988). 'Texts and contexts: the Roro Mendut folk legend on stage 
	and screen'. In Histories and stories: Cinema in New Order Indonesia, ed. 
	Krishna Sen, 14-24.  Clayton, Vic.: Monash University, 1988.   

Heidegger, Martin (1977). 'The age of the world picture'. Chap. in The question 
	concerning technology and other essays.  New York: Garland Pub., 1977.

Hellwig, Tineke (1994). In the shadow of change: Women in Indonesian literature.  
	Berkeley: Centers for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of 
	California, 1994.

Hendrata (1993).  'Durga Umayi dari Kedu'. Suara Pembaruan (Jakarta), 13 October 
	1993.

Herliany, Dorothea Rosy (1996). 'Budaya polemik, lingkaran tafsir, dan stagnasi 
	nilai'. Kompas (Jakarta), 16 June 1996.

Heryanto, Ariel (1983). 'Keaslian sastra Indonesia'. Kompas (Jakarta), 14 January 
	1983.

		 (1984a). '&quot;Kiri&quot; dan &quot;kanan&quot; dalam  sastra Indonesia 1984'. Review of 
	Indonesian and Malay Affairs (Summer 1984): 1-5.
 				 
		 (1984b). 'Sastra &quot;dan&quot; politik'. Review of Indonesian and Malay 
	Affairs (Summer 1984): 6-43.

		 (1985a). 'Memahami sastra secara kontekstual'.  Pikiran Rakyat 
	(Bandung), 21 May 1985. 

		, ed. (1985b). Perdebatan sastra kontekstual. Jakarta: CV. Rajawali, 
	1985.

		 (1986). 'Pusat versus daerah dalam perkembangan kesenian 	Indonesia mutakhir'. Sinar Harapan  (Jakarta), 15 February 1986.

		 (1988). 'Omong kosong'. Suara Pembaruan (Jakarta), 9 April 1988.

		 (1989). 'Berjangkitnya bangsa-bangsa di Indonesia'. Prisma 1 	(January 1989): 3-16

		 (1990). 'The making of language: Developmentalism in Indonesia'. 
	Prisma 50 (September 1990): 40-52.

		 (1991).  'Ilmuwan, jangan buang “plesetan” ke &quot;tong sampah 	budaya”'. Berita Nasional  (Jakarta), 21 February 1991.

		 (1995a). 'Sastra Indonesia sedang dilanda kebingungan'. Republika 
	(Jakarta), 27  August 1995.

		 (1995b). 'Pelecehan dan kesewenang-wenangan berbahasa'. In Pellba 	9, ed. Bambang Kaswanti Purwo, 105-125.  Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius, 	1995.

		 (1995c). 'What does post-modernism do in contemporary Indonesia?' 	Sojourn 10 1 (1995): 33-44.

Hill, David (1984). 'Who's left? Indonesian literature in the early 1980s'.  Working 	Paper No. 33. Clayton: Monash University, 1984.

Hirsch, E.D. Jr (1967). Validity in interpretation. New Haven and London: Yale 
	University Press, 1967.

Hobsbaum, Philip (1970). A theory of communication. London: 1970.

Hodge, Bob and Vijay Mishra (1991).  Dark side of the dream: Australian literature 	and the postcolonial mind.  Sydney: Allen &amp; Unwin, 1991.

Hoerip, Satyagraha (1984). 'Sastra dan kemiskinan intelektual kita'. Kompas 	(Jakarta), 21 February 1984.

Hoffman, J.E. (1995). 'Sumpah Pemuda: International Malay on oath'. Paper 	presented to Kongres Bahasa Melayu Sedunia, Kuala Lumpur, 1995.

Hooker, Virginia Matheson (1993). 'New Order language in context'. Chap. in 	Culture and society in New Order Indonesia.  Kuala Lumpur: Oxford 	University Press, 1993.

Hosillos, Lucia (1983). 'Breaking through the wayang screen: Literary 	interdependence among the new literatures of Southeast Asia'. Prisma  29 	(September 1983): 57-65.

		 (1997). Letter, Manila, to Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Jakarta, 29 	August 1995.  Transcript in Polemik hadiah Magsaysay. 234-237. Jakarta: 	Institut Studi Arus Informasi, 1997. 

Hunter, Thomas (1991). The weaverbirds. Jakarta: The Lontar Foundation, 1991.

Hutagulung, M.S. (1973). 'Kritik sastra aliran Rawamangun'. Kompas (Jakarta), 4 	December 1973.

		 (1974). '”Kritik Rawamangun” untuk Arief Budiman'. Kompas 	(Jakarta), 18 February 1974.

Hutcheon, Linda (1989). 'Circling the downspout of empire: Post-colonialism and 
	postmodernism'. Ariel 20, 4 (October 1989): 149-175.

Huyssen, Andreas (1990). 'Mapping the postmodern'. In Culture and society: 	Contemporary debates, ed. Jeffrey C.Alexander and Steven Seidman, 355-	375. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Innis, Robert E., ed. (1985). Semiotics: An introductory anthology. Bloomington: 	Indiana University Press, 1985.

Institut Studi Arus Informasi (1997). Polemik hadiah Magsaysay. Jakarta: Institut 	Studi Arus Informasi, 1997.  

Iser, Wolfgang (1972). 'The reading process: A phenomenological approach'. In 	Modern criticism and theory, ed.  David Lodge, 212-227.  London: 	Longman, 1991.

		 (1978). The act of reading. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University 	Press, 1978.

Ismail, Taufiq (1995). 'Balas dendam'. Kompas (Jakarta), 21 August 1995. 

Jakobson, Roman (1971).  'The dominant'.  In Readings in Russian poetics: 	Formalist and structuralist views, ed. Ladislav Metejka and Krystyna 	Pomorska, 105-100.  Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: MIT Press, 	1971. 

'Jaksa Agung: “Rumah Kaca” dinyatakan terlarang'. Jayakarta (Jakarta), 10 June 	1988.

James. Jamie (1996). 'The Indonesiad'. The New Yorker, 27 May 1996.

Jameson, Fredric (1984a).  'Post modernism, or the cultural logic of late capitalism'. 	
	New Left Review 146 (July-August 1984): 53-92.

		 (1984b). 'The politics of theory: Ideological positions in the 	postmodernism debate'. In Modern Criticism and Theory, ed. David Lodge, 
	373-383. 1991  London: Longman, 1991.

Jassin, H.B. (1984). Surat-surat 1943-1983.  Jakarta: Gramedia, 1984.

Jathareni, Putu Wirya (1981). 'Psikose alkohol dalam sobat'. Optimis,  27 November 
	1981, 20.

Jauss, Hans Robert (1974). 'Literary history as a challenge to literary theory.' In New 
	Directions in Literary History, ed. Ralph Cohen, 11-41. London: Routledge 
	and Kegan Paul, 1974.

Johns, A.H. (1978). 'In search of the lost chord: Adventures in new literatures'.  	Paper presented at Seminar 'Literature and social change', 1978.

Juhl, P.D. (1980). Interpretation: An essay in the philosophy of literary criticism. 
	Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1980.

Junus, Umar (1978).  'Maka sempurnalah pengebirian Aveling!' Sinar Harapan 
	(Jakarta), 25 November 1978.

		 (1981).  'Terperangkap dalam pertentangan kelas'. Persepsi  1 Tahun 
	III (April-May-June 1981): 24-35.

		 (1984). 'Membuka era baru penelitian sastra'. Kompas (Jakarta), 16 
	November 1984.

		 (1990).  'Sastra: penyepian dan kebisingan alienasi dan keterlibatan'.  
	Kompas (Jakarta), 7 January 1990.
  
Kahin, George McTurnan (1952). Nationalism and revolution in Indonesia.  Ithaca, 
	New York: Cornell University Press, 1952.

Kamil, Kosasih (1980). 'Nyai Ontosoroh Pram kurang realistik'. Merdeka (Jakarta), 
	4 September 1980.

Kanneh, Kadiatu (1995). 'Feminism and the colonial body'.  In The post-colonial 
	studies reader, ed. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin, 346-348. 
	London: Routledge, 1995.

'Karya sastra yang tak mengandung unsur esei hanya dongeng'. Berita Buana 	(Jakarta), 18 December 1984.

Karyanto, Ibe (1997). 'Otonomi teks: Catatan dari sebuah wacana sastra'. Media 
	Kerja Budaya  7 IV (November 1997): 14-15.

Kasiyanto (1981).  'Sahabat, mari mabuk!' Optimis,  26 June 1981, 14-15.

Katoppo. Marianne (1981). 'Menyoroti akar-akar konflik hubungan antar manusia'. 
	Sinar Harapan (Jakarta), 16 July 1981.

Kayam, Umar (1982). 'Multi-lingualisme dalam kesusasteraan Indonesia 	kontemporer'. Review of Indonesian and Malayan Affairs 16 2 (October 
	1982): 16-21.

Keeler, Ward. (1987). Javanese shadow plays, Javanese selves. Princeton: Princeton 
	University Press, 1987.

		 (1989). 'On Javanese interpretation: A scene from a wayang'. In 	Writing on the tongue,  ed. A.L. Becker, 139-181. Ann Arbor: University of 
	Michigan Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, 1989.

		 (1992). Javanese shadow puppets.  New York and Singapore: Oxford 
	University Press, 1992.

Kermode, Frank (1968). 'Modernisms'. Chap. in Continuities. London: Routledge &amp; 
	Kegan Paul, 1968.

		 (1971). Modern essays.  London: Fontana, 1971.

'Ketua MA Ali Said: “Rumah Kaca” adalah kritik oto kritik PKI'. Jayakarta 	(Jakarta), 10 June 1988.

Kristanto, jb (1996). 'Lebih jauh dengan Umar Kayam'. Kompas (Jakarta), 5 May 
	1996.

Lamarque, Peter (1990). ‘Narrative and invention: The limits of fictionality’. In
 	Narrative in culture: The uses of storytelling in the sciences, philosophy and
 literature, ed. Cristopher Nash, 131-153. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.

Larson, Charles (1973). 'Heroic ethnocentrism': The idea of universality in 	literature'. The American Scholar 42 (1) (Winter 1972-3): 463-475.

Latif, Yudi, and Idi Subandy Ibrahim (ed.) (1996a). Bahasa dan kekuasaan.  	Bandung: Penerbit Mizan, 1996.

		 (1996b). 'Rumor dan komunikasi politik'. Kompas (Jakarta), 9 March 
	1996. 

Latimer, Dan (1984). 'Jameson and post-modernism'. New Left Review  148 	(November-December 1984): 116-128.

Layoun, Mary N. (1988). 'Fictional formations and deformations of national culture'. 
	The South Atlantic Quarterly 87:1 (Winter 1988): 53-73.

Legge, J.D. (1988). Intellectuals and nationalism in Indonesia. A study of the 	following recruited by Sutan Sjahrir in occupation Jakarta.  Ithaca, New 
	York: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project, 1988.

Li, Xiaorong (1996). '”Asian values” and the universality of human rights'. Report 
	from the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy 16, No. 2 (Spring 1996).

Lindsay, J. (1982). 'The isolation of Indonesian literature, neo-Sastra daerah and the 
	seminar syndrome: Four position papers'. Review of Indonesian and Malayan 
	Affairs 16 2 (October 1982): 1-36. 

Lodge, David (1977). The modes of modern writing: Metaphor, metonymy, and the 
	typology of modern literature.  Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 
	1977.

		 , ed. (1991).  Modern criticism and theory.  London: Longman, 1991.

Lukacs, George (1962).  The historical novel.  London: Merlin Press, 1962.

		 (1972). The meaning of contemporary realism. Translated by John 
	and Necke Mander.  London: Merlin Press, 1972.

Lye, John(1996). 'Reader-response: various positions', [Online]. Available:   	http://www.brocku.ca/english/courses/4F70/rr.html (1996).

		 (1997). 'The concept of the death of the author and the study of 	contemporary theory', [Online]. Available: 
	http://www.brocku.ca/english/courses/4F70/author.html (1997).
	
Lyotard, Jean-Francois (1984).  The postmodern condition.  Minneapolis: University 
	of Minnesota Press, 1984.

Macquarrie, John (1973).  Existentialism.  Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973.

McHale, Brian (1987). Post modernist fiction.  New York: Methuen, 1987.

McHoul, A.W. (1982). Telling how texts talk.  London: Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul 
	Ltd, 1982.

Mahmuduzzaman (1991). 'Potret perempuan dalam mitologi Jawa'. Harian
	Jayakarta (Jakarta), 20 September 1991.

Maier, Henk (1993). 'From heteroglossia to polyglossia: The creation of Malay and 
	Dutch in the Indies'. Indonesia 56 (October 1993): 37-65.

		(1995). 'Hikayat dagang: Dari &quot;Syair Ken Tambuhan&quot; ke Pramoedya 
	Ananta Toer'. Kalam  4 (1995): 6-17.

Mangkunagara VII (1933). 'Over de wajang-koelit (poerwa) in het algemeen en over 
	de daarin voorkomende symbolische en mystieke elementen'. Translated by 
	Claire Holt. Ithaca: Cornell University Press Data Paper no 27, 1957.

'Mangunwijaya: Jangan tabukan sosialisme', [Online].  Available: 
	http://www.rad.net.id/online/mediaind/publik/9611/07/MI20-04.07.html ( 7 
	November 1996).

'Masih sekitar Bumi manusia.' Memorandum  44  (9 November 1980): 10-11.

May, Brian (1978). The Indonesian tragedy.  Singapore: Graham Brash Pty. Ltd., 
	1978.

Memmi, Albert (1965). The coloniser and the colonised. New York: Orion Press, 
	1965.

Mihardja, Achdiat K. (1977).Polemik kebudayaan. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya, 1977.

Milner, Anthony and Mary Quilty, ed. (1996). Comparing cultures. Melbourne: 
	Oxford University Press, 1996.

Ming, Hannneke (1983). 'Barracks-concubinage in the Indies, 1887-1920'. Indonesia 
	35 (April 1983): 65-93.

Minh-ha, Trinh T. (1991). 'No master territories'. Chap. in When the moon waxes 
	red: Representation, gender, and cultural politics.  New York: Routledge, 	1991.

Mishra, Vijay and Bob Hodge (1991). 'What is post(-)colonialism?' Textual Practice 
	5, 3 (1991): 399-414.

Mitchell, Timothy (1988).  Colonising Egypt. New York: Cambridge University 	
	Press, 1988.

Moeljanto, D.S. and Taufiq Ismail, ed. (1995). Prahara budaya.  Bandung: Mizan, 
	1995.  

Moertono, Soemarsaid (1981). State and statecraft in old Java.  Ithaca, New York: 
	Modern Indonesia Project, 1981. 

Mohamad, Goenawan (1962). 'Revolusi sebagai kesusastraan dan kesusastraan 
	sebagai revolusi'. Sastra  15 (September 1962): 27-28.

		 (1980). Seks, sastra, kita. Jakarta: Sinar Harapan, 1980. 

		 (1983). 'Dealing with Takdir Alisjahbana's thinking'.  Prisma 29 	(September 1983): 24-29.

		 (1993). Kesusastraan dan kekuasaan.  Jakarta: Firdaus, 1993.

		 (1994). 'Sekedarnya tentang Putu Wijaya'. In Blok, Putu Wijaya, xi-
	xv. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1994.

		 (1996). 'Sastra “pasemon”: Pergumulan bawah-sadar bahasa dan 
	kuasa'. In Bahasa dan kekuasaan, ed. Yudi Latif and Idi Subandy Ibrahim, 
	307-317.  Bandung: Penerbit Mizan, 1996.

		 (1997). 'H.B. Jassin.  Di mana berakhirnya mata seorang penyair?'  
	Makalah untuk ulang tahun ke-80 H.B.Jassin Di Pusat Dokumentasi Sastra 
	H.B. Jassin Jakarta 31 Juli 1997.

Morris, Wesley (1972). Toward a new historicism.  Princeton, N.J.: Princeton 	University Press, 1972.

Mrazek, Rudolf (1994). Sjahrir: politics and exile in Indonesia.  Ithaca, N.Y.: 	Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1994.

		 (1997). 'Indonesian dandy: The politics of clothes in the late colonial 	period, 1893-1942'. In Outward appearances: Dressing state and society in 	
	Indonesia, ed. Henk Schulte Nordholt, 117-150.  Leiden: KITLV Press, 	1997.  

Mulyono, Ir. Sri (1977). Human character in the wayang. Jakarta: Pustaka Wayang, 
	1977.

		 (1979). Simbolisme dan mistikisme dalam wayang.  Jakarta: Gunung 
	Agung, 1979.

Murdoch, Iris (1977). The fire and the sun: Why Plato banished the artists. Oxford: 
	Clarendon Press, 1977. 

Muryanto, Pendita Buddha T. (n.d.).  'Pancasila dalam Bumi manusia', n.d. 
	[photocopy]. Pusat Dokumentasi Sastra H.B. Jassin, Jakarta.

Mydans. Seth (1996). 'Indonesian writer vents his fury in a garbage dump'. New 
	York Times,  1 November 1996.

Nadjib, Emha Ainun (1982). 'Sastra dewa, sastra macan, sastra tank'. Tempo,  28 
	August 1982, 57.

		 (1984). 'Sastra Yogya: kegagapan dalam proses pembebasan diri'. 
	Kompas (Jakarta), 3 January 1984.

		 (1994). Indonesia bagian dari desa saya Yogyakarta: Sipress, 1994.

		 (1995).  Budaya tanding. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1995.
	
Ngugi wa Thiong'o (1992). Homecoming  essays on African and Caribbean 
	literature, culture and politics.  London: Heinemann, 1992.

Noer, Arifin (1983).  'Teater Indonesia masadepan'. Horison  XVIII (1983): 428-
	434.

Nordin, Mazlan (1980). 'Dari Bumi Manusia ke Rumah Kaca'.  Mingguan Malaysia,  
	16 November 1980, 173-176.

'Novel sejarah tetaplah sekadar karya sastra'. Kompas (Jakarta), 6 September 1996.

Osborne, Robin (1980). 'Hunting the opposition'. The Asian Observer  (Sydney), 
	December 1980.

Palencia-Roth, Michael (1988). 'Intertextualities: Three metamorphoses of myth 
	in The autumn of the patriarch'. In Gabriel Garcia Marquez and the powers 
	of fiction, ed. Julio Ortega, 34-60. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1988.

Panitia Dialog Terbuka Refleksi Kebudayaan (1996). Refleksi kebudayaan.  Jakarta: 
	Panitia Dialog Terbuka Refleksi Kebudayaan, 1996.
	
'Para sastrawan sudah mati dan masih hidup'. Kompas (Jakarta), 27 October, 1997.

Parakitri (1980). 'Cambuk dari kemaluan sapi jantan'. Kompas (Jakarta), 29 August 
	1980.

		 (1981).  'Semua minta harga, semua menuntut makna'. Kompas 
	(Jakarta), 22 July 1981.

Paterson, John (1985). 'The young and homeless of Yogyakarta'. Inside Indonesia 6	(December 1985): 19-20.

Pauker, Guy (1958). 'Indonesian images of their national self'. Public Opinion  
	Quarterly  22 (1958): 305-324.

Peacock, James L. (1968). Rites of modernization. Chicago and London: University 
	of Chicago Press, 1968.

'Pembacaan novel Putu Wijaya: Mungkin harus dibaca sendiri di kamar'. Kompas 
	(Jakarta), 5 May 1983.

Pemberton, John (1994). On the subject of &quot;Java&quot;.  Ithaca, NY: Cornell University 
	Press, 1994.

Penders, C.L.M. (1975). The life and times of  Sukarno.  Kuala Lumpur: Oxford 
	University Press, 1975. 

		 (1977). Indonesia:  Selected documents on colonialism and 	nationalism 1830-1942. St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland 
	Press, 1977.

Poeze, Harry A.  (1994). 'Political intelligence in the Netherlands Indies'.  In The 
	late colonial state in Indonesia, ed. Robert Cribb, 229-245.  Leiden, KITLV 
	Press, 1994. 

Pradopo, Rachmat Djoko (1995).  Beberapa teori sastra, metode kritik, dan 	penerapannya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1995.

Prasetyanti, Widya (1996). 'Refleksi sosial seorang tukang becak'. Republika 	(Jakarta), 24 March 1996.

Prihatmi, Th. Sri Rahayu (1989).  'Permainan politik seorang jenderal'. Kompas 	
	(Jakarta), 18 June 1989.

Putra, IB Rai (1994). 'Kontemplasi pencurian Putu Wijaya 360 derajat'. Karya Bakti  
	(Jakarta), 4 July 1994.

'Putu Wijaya memang tegel dan licik', [Online].  Available:  apakabar@clark.net 
	(11 June 1996).

'Putu Wijaya: Sastra bebaskan manusia dari berbagai batasan'. Kompas (Jakarta), 11 
	June 1996.

Rae, Lindsay (1993). 'Liberating and conciliating: The work of Y.B. Mangunwijaya'.  
	In Indonesian political biography, ed.  Angus Macintyre, 239-261. Clayton: 
	CSEAS, 1993.

Rafferty, Ellen (1990). 'The new tradition of Putu Wijaya'. Indonesia  49 (April 
	1990): 103-116.

Rahardja, Prathama, and Henri Chambert-Loir (1990). Kamus Bahasa Prokem. 
	Jakarta: Grafiti, 1990.

Rampan, Korrie Layun (1981a). 'Kemenangan di dalam kekalahan'. Mutiara,  21 
	January 1981, 26-28. 

		 (1981b). 'Dua sahabat karib dalam botol bir'. Suara Karya (Jakarta), 
	12 May 1981. 

Ras, J.J. (1976). 'The historical development of the Javanese shadow theatre'. Review 
	of Indonesian and Malaysian Studies 10 2 (July-Dec. 1976): 50-76.

Reid, Anthony, Annemarie Jubb and J. Jahmin (1974). Indonesian serials 1942-
	1950 in Yogyakarta libraries.  Canberra: Australian National University 
	Press, 1974.

Rendra, WS (1983). 'From the mysteries of nature to structural analysis'. Prisma 29 
	(September 1983): 44-49.

Richards, Cameron (1997). 'Postmodernism or postcolonialism tomorrow: The 
	relevance of a dialogical framework for postcolonial criticism', [Online].  
	Available:  	http://kali.murdoch.edu.au/cntinuum/litserv/SPAN/34/Richards.html (1997).

Ricklefs, M.C. (1981). A history of modern Indonesia.  London: Macmillan, 1981.

Riffaterre, Michael (1966). 'Describing poetic structures: Two approaches to  	Baudelaire's “Les chats”'. In Reader-response criticism, ed. Jane P. 	Tompkins, 26-39. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University 	Press, 1980.

Roskies, D.M., ed. (1993).  Text/Politics in island Southeast  Asia.  Athens, Ohio: 
	Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1993.

Rutherford, Danilyn (1993). 'Unpacking a national heroine: Two Kartinis and their 
	people'. Indonesia  55 (April 1993): 23-40.

Sacerdoti, Guy (1980). 'The power of one man's pen'. Far Eastern Economic 	Review, October 24 1980, 23-24. 

Said, Edward (1991).  Orientalism.  London: Penguin, 1991.

		 (1994). Culture and imperialism.  London: Vintage, 1994. 

Salleh, Muhammad Haji (1991). 'Malay ethnopoetics: Looking at literature with our 
	own eyes'. Chap. in The mind of the Malay author. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan 
	Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1991.

Sangari, Kumkum (1987). 'The politics of the possible'. In The post-colonial studies 
	reader, ed. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and HelenTiffin, 143-147. 
	London: Routledge, 1995.

Sani, Asrul (1995). 'Soal moral yang korup'. Gatra,  26 August 1995, 105.

Sastrowardoyo, Subagio (1981). 'Pulanglah dia si dewa putih'. Tempo,  22 August 
	1981, 27-28.

		 (1983). 'Yang dibutuhkan adalah sikap ilmiah terhadap sastra'. 	Horison XVIII (1983): 131-135.

		 (1983) 'Subagio Sastrowardoyo menjawab'.  Interview by Hardi. 	Horison XVIII (December 1983): 536-541.

Satoto, Soediro (1986). 'Memperdebatkan sastra yang konteks dengan 	lingkungannya'. Sinar Harapan (Jakarta), 13 June 1986.

Sears, Laurie, ed. (1995). Fantasizing the feminine in Indonesia.  Durham: Duke 
	University Press, 1995.

		 (1996). Shadows of empire.  Durham: Duke University Press, 1996. 

Selden, Raman (1989).  A reader's guide to contemporary literary theory. London: 
	Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1989.

Senet, Isbedy Stiawan Zakirin (1986). 'Sastra kontekstual yang diperdebatkan'. 	Singgalang (Padang),  4 August 1986.

'Setelah Annelies &quot;Bunga penutup abad”'. Kompas (Jakarta), 28 December 1980.

Setiadi, Nurdin (1984).  '”Sobat”nya Putu Wijaya'. Terbit  (Jakarta), 10 March 1984.

Shahab. Idrus F. (1995a). 'Menjaring Pram dengan dosa masa lalu'. Tiras ,17 August 
	1995, 72-73.

		 (1995b) 'Larangan yang membawa berkah'.  Tiras,  24 August 1995, 
	29-30.

Shaw, Harry E. (1983). The forms of historical fiction.  Ithaca and London: Cornell 
	University Press, 1983.

Shiraishi, Takashi (1987). 'Reading Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Sang pemula  (The 
	Pioneer)'. Indonesia  44 (October 1987): 129-139.

		 (1990). An age in motion. Ithaca New York: Cornell University 	Press, 1990.

'Simbol dari dunia wayang'. Jawa Post (Surabaya), 2 October 1991.

Siregar, Bahren Umar (1996). 'Nasionalisme dan nasionisme di dalam pertumbuhan 
	dan perkembangan Bahasa Indonesia. In Bahasa nasional kita: Dari 
	Sumpah Pemuda ke pesta emas kemerdekaan 1928-1995, ed. Soenjono 
	Dardjowidjojo, 3-16. Bandung: Penerbit ITB, 1996.

Situmorang, Sitor (1983). 'Tanggungjawab sastra dua sastrawan besar Amerika 
	Latin'. Kompas (Jakarta), 21 March 1983.

Sjahrir, Sutan (1968). Our struggle.  Translated with an Introduction by Benedict R. 
	O'G. Anderson. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Modern Indonesia 
	Project, 1968.

Skow, John (1996) 'Setting free the word'. Time,  22 July 1996.

Slatoff, Walter J. (1970). With respect to readers: Dimensions of literary response. 
	Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1970. 

Slemon, Stephen (1990). 'Unsettling the Empire: Resistance theory for the Second 
	World'. In The post-colonial studies reader, ed. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth 
	Griffiths and HelenTiffin, 104-110. London: Routledge, 1995.

		 (1994).'The scramble for post-colonialism'. In De-Scribing Empire: 
	Post-colonialism and textuality, ed. Chris Tiffin and Alan Lawson, 15-32. 
	London: Routledge, 1994.

Smail, John (1971). 'Indonesia'. In In search of Southeast Asia: A modern history,  
	ed. David Joel Steinberg, 281-300. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 
	1971. 

Soedjatmiko (1991a).  'Putu Wijaya dan karya absurdnya'. Harian Terbit  (Jakarta), 
	23 May 1991.

		 (1991b). 'Nasionalisme sebagai prospek belajar'. Prisma 2 (February 
	1991): 27-31.

Soe Hok Gie (1995). Zaman peralihan.  Yogyakarta: Yayasan Bentang Budaya, 	
	1995.

Soekito, Wiratmo (1992). 'Peranan sastra dalam pembentukan masyarakat modern'. 
	Horison 3 XXVI (March 1992): 101-103.

Soenardi (1981). 'Usaha mengaburkan nilai-nilai revolusi Agustus 1945'. Merdeka 
	(Jakarta), 18 November 1981.

Sontag, Susan (1982).  A Susan Sontag reader. New York: Farrar, Straus and 	Giroux, 1982.

Stephen, Leslie (1950). The English utilitarians.  London: University of	London, 	1950.

Subangun, Emmanuel (1988).  'Teater Putu Wijaya adalah peristiwa pascamodern'.  
	Kompas  (Jakarta),  8 November 1988.

		 (1994). Syuga Derrida. Yogyakarta: CRI Alocita, 1994.

Sumarjo, Yakob (1981a). '”Anak semua bangsa” buku kedua Pramoedya'.  Pikiran 
	Rakyat  (Bandung), 11 February 1981.

		 (1981b). 'Novel “Sobat” karya Putu Wijaya'.  Pikiran Rakyat 	(Bandung), 22 April 1981.

		 (1981c). 'Banyak renungan miskin peristiwa'.  Pikiran Rakyat 	(Bandung), 29 July 1981.

		 (1984). 'Sastra intelektual kita'.  Kompas (Jakarta), 3 February 1984.

Sundari, Patrisari (1989). 'Burung-burung manyar'.  [Photocopy].  Pusat 	Dokumentasi Sastra H.B. Jassin, Jakarta.

Sunyoto, T Mulyo, and Anspek (1995). 'Usaha merekonstruksi absurditas dalam 
	“Blok” Putu Wijaya'. Suara Karya (Jakarta), 22 January 1995.

Suryadi, Linus AG (1982). 'Mengapa saya tak menulis dalam Bahasa Jawa?' Review 
	of Indonesian and Malayan Affairs 16 2 (October 1982): 30-36. 

Suryadinata, Leo (1996). Sastra Peranakan Tionghoa Indonesia. Jakarta: Grasindo, 
	1996.

'Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana telah tiada'. Kompas (Jakarta), 19 July 1994.

Sutherland, Heather (1979). The making of a bureaucratic elite: The colonial 	transformation of the Javanese Priyayi.  Singapore: Heinemann Educational 
	Books (Asia), 1979. 	

Sutrisno, Mudji (1989). '”Ziarah kemerdekaan” dalam novel dan kenyataan kita'. 
	Kompas (Jakarta), 25 June 1989.

		 (1991). 'Gugatan perjalanan kita di arsip bangsa'. Kompas  (Jakarta), 	14 July 1991.

Suvin, Darko (1979). Metamorphoses of science fiction: On the poetics and history 
	of a literary genre.  New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1979.

Suwatdi, Bachrun (1980).  'Style as a popular tactic'. South,  October 1980, 47.

Tand, B.Y. (1981). '“Sobat” Putu Wijaya: Persahabatan fanatik'. Waspada  4 	(October 1981): 9-10.

Taylor, Charles (1989). Sources of the self.  Cambridge: Cambridge University 	Press, 1989.

Taylor, Jean Gelman (1983). The social world of Batavia: European and Eurasian 
	in Dutch Asia.  Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

Teeuw, A. (1986).  Modern Indonesian literature.  Riverton: Foris Publications, 
	1986.

Tejo, H Sujiwo (1997). 'Demokrasi Semar, catatan Februari'. Kompas (Jakarta), 26 	February 1997.

Tickell, Paul (1981). Three early Indonesian short stories by Mas Marco 	Kartodikromo.  Working  Paper no 23 Clayton: Monash University, 1981.

		 (1986).  'Righting history'. Inside Indonesia  7 (May 1986): 29-30.

Tiffin, Helen (1987).  'Post-colonial literatures and counter-discourse'.  In The 	post-colonial studies reader, ed. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen 
	Tiffin, 95-98. London: Routledge, 1995.

Tompkins, Jane P. (1980). Reader-response criticism. Baltimore and London: The 
	John Hopkins University Press, 1980.

'Usaha menyudahi persengketaan dalam kesusastraan Indonesia'. Kompas  (Jakarta), 
	13 September 1985.  

Utomo, S Prasetyo (1996). 'Mitos wayang dalam teks sastra'. Kompas (Jakarta), 14 
	April 1996.

Vandenbosch, Amry (1933). The Dutch East Indies, its government, problems and 
	politics.  Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B Eerdmans Publishing Company, 
	1933.

van den Doel, H.W. (1994).  'Military rule in the Netherlands Indies'.  In The late 
	colonial state in Indonesia, ed. Robert Cribb, 57-78.  Leiden, KITLV Press, 
	1994.

Van Ghent, Dorothy Bendon (1953). The English novel, form and function. New 
	York: Rinehart, 1953.  

Van Ness, Edward C. and Shita Prawirohardjo (1980). Javanese Wayang Kulit. 
	Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1980.

Van Niel, Robert (1960). The emergence of the modern Indonesian elite. The Hague 
	and Bandung: W.Van Hoeve, 1960.

Van Rooijen, Willy (1987). 'The thoughts of Romo Mangun'. Inside Indonesia  12 
	(October 1987): 13-14.

Wallace, Jeff (1998). Editorial. Key Words 1 (1998): 5-11.

Wardhana, Veven Sp (1984). 'Perihal bahasa dan simbol dalam roman “Burung-
	burung manyar” karya Y.B. Mangunwijaya'. Basis  9 (September 1984): 343-
	354.

		 (1991) 'Kaleidoskop Indonesia dalam novel rap'. Jakarta Jakarta,  	6-12 July 1991, 86.

'Wayang jangan dibebani pesan pembangunan'. Kompas (Jakarta), 4 February 1997.

Wellek, Rene, and Austin Warren (1956). Theory of literature. New York: Harcourt, 
	Brace, 1956.

West, Alick (1975). Crisis and criticism. London: Lawrence &amp; Wishart, 1975.

West, Cornel (1991). 'Decentring Europe: a memorial lecture for James Snead, 
	introduced by Colin MacCabe'. Critical Quarterly  33 (Spring 1991): 1-19.

Wickert, Utta (n.d.). Wayang stories and pictures. Jakarta: PT Intermasa, n.d.

Wieranta (1982). 'Misteri manusia yang tak pernah terurai', 1982 [Photocopy].  Pusat 
	Dokumentasi Sastra H.B. Jassin, Jakarta.

Wild, Colin, and Peter Carey, ed. (1988). Born in fire: The Indonesian struggle for 
	independence. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1988.

Wilde, Alan (1981). Horizons of assent: Modernism, postmodernism, and the ironic  
	imagination. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981.

Williams, Patrick, and Laura Chrisman, ed. (1994).  Colonial discourse and post-
	colonial theory: A reader.  New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.

Williams, Raymond (1977). 'Base and superstructure in Marxist cultural theory'.  
	Chap. in Marxism and literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.
	
Williamson, Dugald (1989). Authorship and criticism. Sydney: LCP, 1989.

Wilson, Scott (1995). Cultural materialism: Theory and practice.  Oxford: 	Blackwell, 1995.

Wimsatt, William K. and Monroe C. Beardsley (1946). 'The intentional fallacy'. 
	Chap. in The verbal icon: Studies in the meaning of poetry. University of 
	Kentucky Press, Lexington, 1954.

Woodcroft-Lee, Carlien Patricia (1981). 'Profiles in a clouded mirror: Some 
	changing perceptions of the role of women in society in contemporary 	Indonesian popular fiction'.  In Society and the writer:  Essays on literature 
	in modern Asia, ed. Wang Gungwu, M. Guerrero and D. Marr, 261-279.  
	Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National 
	University, 1981.

Yatim, Ricardo Iwan (1981a).  'Teto bukan Manyar, dia cuma ibarat burung manyar 
	yang manusiawi'. Kedaulatan Rakyat  (Yogyakarta), 23 September 1981.

		 (1981b). 'Mengaburkan atau menyatakan?' Merdeka (Jakarta), 2 	December 1981.

Young, J.C. (1995).  Colonial desire: Hybridity in theory, culture, and race. London 
	&amp; New York: Routledge,1995.

Zainu'ddin, Ailsa G. Thomson (1980). A short history of Indonesia.  Sydney: 	Cassell, 1980. 

Zulliartien, L. (1981a).  'Pertarungan'. Merdeka (Jakarta), 10 June 1981, 5-6.

		 ( 1981b). 'Dua Dalang'. Merdeka (Jakarta), 4 November 1981.  
" name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Allen, Pamela M. (2000) Reading Matters: An Examination of Plurality of Meaning in Selected Indonesian Fiction, 1980-1995. PhD thesis, University of Sydney." name="eprints.citation" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1193/1/Reading_Matters.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" />
<meta content="Reading Matters: An Examination of Plurality of Meaning in Selected Indonesian Fiction, 1980-1995" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="Allen, Pamela M." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="420213 Indonesian" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="Using the work of theorists in the field of reader-response theory, this thesis examines the notion that the meaning of a given literary work is a product of the interaction between the reader and the text, and that a given work thus potentially contains a plurality of valid meanings.  The theory is applied to selected works of three of Indonesia's most prolific writers in the period 1980-1995: Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Y.B. Mangunwijaya and Putu Wijaya.  Each work is subjected to at least two different 'readings' which in each case privilege different features of the text and in effect produce a different literary work." name="DC.description" />
<meta content="2000" name="DC.date" />
<meta content="Thesis" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="NonPeerReviewed" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1193/1/Reading_Matters.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="Allen, Pamela M. (2000) Reading Matters: An Examination of Plurality of Meaning in Selected Indonesian Fiction, 1980-1995. PhD thesis, University of Sydney." name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1193/" name="DC.relation" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/BibTeX/epprod-eprint-1193.bib" title="BibTeX" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/ContextObject/epprod-eprint-1193.xml" title="OpenURL ContextObject" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/ContextObject::Dissertation/epprod-eprint-1193.xml" title="OpenURL Dissertation" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/ContextObject::Journal/epprod-eprint-1193.xml" title="OpenURL Journal" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/DC/epprod-eprint-1193.txt" title="Dublin Core" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/DIDL/epprod-eprint-1193.xml" title="DIDL" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/EndNote/epprod-eprint-1193.enw" title="EndNote" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/HTML/epprod-eprint-1193.html" title="HTML Citation" type="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/METS/epprod-eprint-1193.xml" title="METS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/MODS/epprod-eprint-1193.xml" title="MODS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/RIS/epprod-eprint-1193.ris" title="Reference Manager" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/Refer/epprod-eprint-1193.refer" title="Refer" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/Simple/epprod-eprint-1193text" title="Simple Metadata" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/Text/epprod-eprint-1193.txt" title="ASCII Citation" type="text/plain; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1193/XML/epprod-eprint-1193.xml" title="EP3 XML" type="text/xml" />

  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" onLoad="loadRoutine(); MM_preloadImages('images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif')">
    
    <div class="ep_noprint"><noscript><style type="text/css">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/nojs.css);</style></noscript></div>




<table width="795" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
  <tr>
    <td><script language="JavaScript1.2">mmLoadMenus();</script>
      <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="795">
        <!-- fwtable fwsrc="eprints_banner_final2.png" fwbase="ePrints_banner.gif" fwstyle="Dreamweaver" fwdocid = "1249563342" fwnested="0" -->
        <tr>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="32" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="104" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="44" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="105" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="41" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="16" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="82" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="69" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="98" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="12"><img name="ePrints_banner_r1_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r1_c1.gif" width="795" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td rowspan="6"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c1.gif" width="32" height="118" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td rowspan="5"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c2.gif" width="104" height="103" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
          <td colspan="10"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c3.gif" width="659" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="3"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c3.gif" width="190" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2" colspan="7"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c6" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c6.gif" width="469" height="37" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="3"><img name="ePrints_banner_r4_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r4_c3.gif" width="190" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c3.gif" width="149" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/information.html" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821132634_0,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c5');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c5','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c5" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5.gif" width="57" height="25" border="0" alt="About" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/view/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133021_1,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c7');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c7','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c7" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Browse" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/search/simple" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133201_2,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c8');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c8','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c8" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Search" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/register" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout();" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_1018171924_3,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c9');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c9','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c9" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="register" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/users/home" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133422_4,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c10');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c10','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c10" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10.gif" width="82" height="25" border="0" alt="user area" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/help/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133514_5,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c11');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c11','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c11" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11.gif" width="69" height="25" border="0" alt="Help" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="3" colspan="4"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c12" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c12.gif" width="98" height="40" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td rowspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c3.gif" width="44" height="39" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></td>
          <td><a href="/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r6_c4','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4.gif" width="105" height="24" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></a></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="24" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c2.gif" width="104" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td colspan="8"><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c4.gif" width="517" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
      </table></td>
  </tr>
    <tr><td><table width="100%" style="font-size: 90%; border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr>
      <td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td>
      <td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap">
        <form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline">
          <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" />
          <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" />
          <input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" />
          <input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" />
          <input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" />
        </form>
      </td>
    </tr></table></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->


<div align="center">
  
  <table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left">
    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Reading Matters: An Examination of Plurality of Meaning in Selected Indonesian Fiction, 1980-1995</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Allen, Pamela M.</span> (2000) <xhtml:em>Reading Matters: An Examination of Plurality of Meaning in Selected Indonesian Fiction, 1980-1995.</xhtml:em> PhD thesis, University of Sydney.</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_1537' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1193/1/Reading_Matters.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_1537' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_1537"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1193/thumbnails/1/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1193/1/Reading_Matters.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Whole Thesis: title page not included)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />1123Kb</td></tr></table><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Using the work of theorists in the field of reader-response theory, this thesis examines the notion that the meaning of a given literary work is a product of the interaction between the reader and the text, and that a given work thus potentially contains a plurality of valid meanings.  The theory is applied to selected works of three of Indonesia's most prolific writers in the period 1980-1995: Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Y.B. Mangunwijaya and Putu Wijaya.  Each work is subjected to at least two different 'readings' which in each case privilege different features of the text and in effect produce a different literary work.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Thesis (PhD)</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Indonesian literature &#13;
Pramoedya Ananta Toer &#13;
Putu Wijaya &#13;
Mangunwijaya</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/420213.html">420000 Language and Culture &gt; 420200 Literature Studies &gt; 420213 Indonesian</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">1193</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Assoc. Prof. Pamela M Allen</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">29 Jun 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=1193;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=1193">item control page</a></p>
  </td></tr></table>
</div>



    <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" -->
    <table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer">
  <tr valign="top">
<td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr>
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br />
© University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br />
      <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright &amp; Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a>  </td>
        <td width="32%"><div align="right">
            <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p>
            <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br />
            </a></p>
        </div></td>
      </tr>
      <tr valign="top">
        <td><p>  </p></td>
        <td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <!-- #EndLibraryItem -->
    <div align="center"></div></td>
  </tr>
</table>

  </body>
</html>